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Multifocal choroiditis in disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection.

Carla Andreola1, Maria P D Ribeiro, Carla R S de Carli

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, AIDS Section, Centro Previdenciário de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare instance of multifocal choroiditis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infection in an HIV-positive patient. Early recognition by ophthalmologists is crucial for diagnosing this disseminated and potentially fatal fungal infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection predisposes individuals to opportunistic infections.
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen.
  • Ocular manifestations of systemic infections can be critical diagnostic indicators.

Observation:

  • A 27-year-old HIV-positive woman presented with fever, headache, and vomiting.
  • She developed sudden bilateral blindness and deafness.
  • Ophthalmologic examination revealed multifocal yellowish choroidal lesions.

Findings:

  • Lumbar puncture confirmed Cryptococcus neoformans infection.
  • Postmortem examination revealed disseminated C neoformans infection.
  • Histopathology confirmed C neoformans presence within the choroiditis.

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Implications:

  • Multifocal choroiditis is a rare ophthalmic manifestation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.
  • Ophthalmologists play a key role in identifying this rare sign.
  • Prompt diagnosis can aid in managing disseminated and life-threatening fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.