Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Sleep apnea

Sameer Kumar V Nanaware1, D Gothi, J M Joshi

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Topiwala National Medical College, B.Y.L.Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|August 1, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) affects 41% of children suspected of having it. Craniofacial abnormalities are a leading cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with surgical correction improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum of disorders affecting children.
  • Identifying causative factors is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical presentation of SDB in children.
  • To determine the underlying causes of SDB.
  • To evaluate treatment responses in pediatric SDB patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of clinical data and polysomnography results.
  • Analysis of 56 pediatric patients under 18 years of age.
  • Baseline and post-therapy polysomnography data were assessed.

Main Results:

  • SDB was diagnosed in 41% of the studied children.
  • Craniofacial abnormalities were the most common cause (52.1%), followed by neuromuscular/skeletal disorders (17.3%).
  • Surgical correction improved SDB in craniofacial and adenotonsillar hypertrophy cases. Positive airway pressure (PAP) was effective for OSA due to vocal cord palsy, scoliosis, and systemic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric SDB prevalence was 41% in suspected cases.
  • Craniofacial abnormalities are a primary cause of OSA in children.
  • Surgical and PAP treatments show efficacy for specific SDB etiologies in children.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease04:53

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: October 18, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...