Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
Published on: December 1, 2013
The pathology of bladder cancer: An update on selected issues
Michele Pavone-Macaluso1, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Federico Aragona
1Department of Urology, University of Palermo, Italy. michpav@tin.it
Objective:
To achieve a closer relationship between urologists and pathologists and to use a common language and identical objectives in the pathology of bladder cancer.
Methods And Results:
Special emphasis was given to an analysis of the new World Health Organization (WHO) grading system, to the interpretation of the last Tumour-Nodes-Metastasis staging rules, and to identifying new markers of prognostic significance in clinical practice. A consensus was achieved on the main points.
Conclusions:
The 2004 WHO grading system must become acceptable to clinicians, perhaps by a minimal modification of the present terminology. Simple transurethral resection-biopsy should be expressed in terms of clinical rather than pathological staging. Although there are substantial improvements, no new markers can be recommended for routine use in histopathology at present.
Related Concept Videos
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
