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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
01:24

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Published on: June 19, 2025

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Atrioventricular ring reentry in embryonic mouse hearts.

Miguel Valderrábano1, Fuhua Chen, Amish S Dave

  • 1Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles Young Dr So, 3645 MRL, Los Angeles, Calif. 90095-1760, USA.

Circulation
|August 2, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The atrioventricular (AV) ring can support reentry arrhythmias after autonomic stimulation in developing hearts. This occurs due to dissociated conduction, requiring critical maturation for sustained reentry.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cardiac electrophysiology
  • Cardiovascular research

Background:

  • During embryonic development, atrioventricular (AV) conduction shifts from base-to-apex to apex-to-base after the conduction system emerges.
  • The AV ring, though no longer essential for AV conduction post-transition, may remain excitable and serve as a substrate for arrhythmias.
  • This study investigates AV conduction during this developmental transition and its susceptibility to autonomic modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the AV ring as a substrate for arrhythmias during cardiac development.
  • To examine the impact of autonomic stimulation on AV conduction and reentry in embryonic hearts.
  • To determine the developmental stage at which the AV ring can support sustained reentry.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous voltage and calcium (Ca2+) mapping using CCD cameras in embryonic mouse hearts (n=43).
  • Isolated calcium mapping in a larger cohort (n=309) using fluo-3AM.
  • Pharmacological stimulation with isoproterenol and carbachol to assess autonomic modulation.

Main Results:

  • Propagation patterns in voltage and Ca2+ mapping were consistent.
  • Arrhythmias were infrequent under basal conditions but increased with isoproterenol.
  • Combined adrenergic and muscarinic stimulation induced dissociated antegrade and retrograde AV ring conduction, leading to reentry in 30 (8.6%) of hearts at E10.5-E11.5.
  • Reentry occurred circumferentially around the AV ring and persisted for minutes.
  • No AV ring reentry was observed in earlier stage (E9.5) hearts.

Conclusions:

  • Atrioventricular ring reentry is possible through spatially dissociated conduction during combined adrenergic and muscarinic stimulation.
  • Significant cardiac maturation, beyond embryonic day 9.5, is necessary for the AV ring to sustain reentry arrhythmias.