[An antidestructive effect of leflunomide in early rheumatoid arthritis]

To study effects of leflunomide on inflammatory and destructive processes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

The trial included 33 patients (27 females and 6 males) with a significant diagnosis of RA (A CR criteria) aged 19 to 60 years and duration of the disease from 6 months to 3 years (15.97 +/- 9.70 months). The activity of the inflammatory process and treatment efficacy were assessed by severity of the articular syndrome, duration of morning stiffness (DMS), pain and the disease activity (VAS), device examination, the disease activity by DAS28 indices, etc. The articular syndrome was assessed by the number of painful joints (NPJ), number of swollen joints (NSJ), etc. The functional status of the patient was evaluated by Keitel test, HAQ and hand grip. Calculations were made of erosive arthritis progression rate (EAPR) and joint fissure narrowing progression rate (FNPR). All the patients received leflunomide (100 mg/day for 3 days, then 20 mg/day). A 12-month course was finished by 14 patients, 4 patients were withdrawn because of side effects, the rest--by social causes.

To the end of the trial leflunomide reduced NPJ by 84%, NSJ--by 95%, DMS--by 88%, articular pain by VAS--by 66%, the disease activity by VAS--by 70%. A positive trend in DAS28 criterium was observed (a significant suppression of RA activity after 1 month of therapy by 18%, after 4 months--by 39%, after 6 months--by 43%, by the end of the treatment--by 48%). For the initial 6 months EAPR was 0.50 +/- 0.67, for the following 6 months it lowered to 0.37 +/- 1.00, while FNPR decreased to 1.14 +/- 1.26 vs. 1.31 +/- 2 58 for initial 6 months. A positive change of the level of type 3 matrix metalloproteinase (a 20% and 16% by month 4 and to the end of the trial, respectively) was registered.

A positive effect of leflunomide on RA inflammatory activity and progression rate of joint destruction was confirmed.