Does crew resource management training work? An update, an extension, and some critical needs
Eduardo Salas1, Katherine A Wilson, C Shawn Burke
1University of Central Florida, Institute for Simulation and Training, 3100 Technology Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA. esalas@ist.ucf.edu
Human Factors
|August 4, 2006
Summary
Crew Resource Management (CRM) training shows positive trainee reactions but mixed results on learning and behavior. Its impact on organizational safety remains undetermined, requiring better evaluation methods and resources for improvement.
Area of Science:
- Human Factors and Ergonomics
- Organizational Psychology
- Safety Science
Background:
- Crew Resource Management (CRM) training, initially successful in aviation, is now adopted by other high-risk industries.
- The overall effectiveness and impact of CRM training across various domains require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and evaluate the effectiveness of CRM training since 2001, extending beyond aviation.
- To identify critical needs for improving CRM training evaluations and impact assessment.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of 28 published CRM training evaluations was conducted.
- Kirkpatrick's four-level training evaluation framework (reactions, learning, behavior, organizational impact) was applied.
- Effectiveness was assessed across aviation, medicine, offshore oil, maritime, and nuclear power sectors.
Main Results:
- CRM training generally elicits positive trainee reactions.
- Observed impacts on learning and behavioral changes present mixed results across different industries.
- The effect of CRM training on organizational safety and the bottom line remains inconclusive.
Conclusions:
- There is a critical need for standardized evaluation mandates, data access, and resources to improve CRM training.
- Understanding and enhancing the impact of CRM training is crucial as it expands to new organizational domains.
- Further research is needed to establish a clear link between CRM training and improved safety outcomes.
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