[Animal models in urological laparoscopic training]

We present the experience of the Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (MISC) in the development of a modular training model in laparoscopic surgery. The experience analysis includes the description of the training objectives, the learning process of simple and advance laparoscopic urologic techniques, as well as some current and future considerations before applying the laparoscopic techniques. This learning program pretends to optimize the knowledge of the surgeon and the clinical practice of these surgical techniques. The phases of the learning process have been classified in four levels, which include different modules and models and whose application will depend on the experience and surgical skills. This pyramidal training system permits the student to advance step by step through each level depending on her surgical skills. We have presented our experience in twelve courses about laparoscopic urology and four courses of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, in which more than 300 urologists have assisted. Furthermore, some Spanish Urology Units have been developing special experimental training programs on laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, partial nephrectomy or laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with Anderson-Hynes technique. It has been previously described that laparoscopic modular learning constitutes a very useful concept to avoid problems related to an incomplete and incorrect learning process. Also it seems clear that the laparoscopic training reduces the learning curve in laparoscopic urologic techniques.