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Diffusion tensor imaging and aging.

Edith V Sullivan1, Adolf Pfefferbaum

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. edie@stanford.edu

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|August 5, 2006
PubMed
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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveals age-related white matter decline, impacting cognitive and motor functions. This study proposes three new hypotheses on how white matter changes affect brain structure and function in aging.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) non-invasively assesses white matter microstructure and anatomical connections.
  • Age-related declines in white matter integrity, specifically fractional anisotropy (FA), are detectable even when brain volume changes are not.
  • These declines are linear from age 20, show a frontal distribution, and affect both sexes equally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in white matter integrity using DTI.
  • To explore the association between white matter integrity decline and cognitive/motor function deficits.
  • To propose novel hypotheses regarding white matter's role in brain aging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for in vivo assessment.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Combined regional DTI metrics with cognitive and motor function tests.
  • Formulated hypotheses based on existing DTI findings and aging theories.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified age-related linear declines in white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) starting around age 20.
    • Observed a frontal distribution of white matter integrity decline.
    • Linked declines in white matter integrity to reduced interhemispheric transfer, particularly in frontal systems.

    Conclusions:

    • Proposed three white matter-mediated neural system hypotheses of aging: anteroposterior gradient, corpus callosum recruitment for frontal tasks, and frontocerebellar synergism.
    • These hypotheses offer a framework for future research into brain systems altered by aging.
    • DTI provides crucial insights into the neural underpinnings of cognitive and motor aging.