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Related Experiment Videos

Subunit recombinant vaccine protects against monkeypox.

Jean-Michel Heraud1, Yvette Edghill-Smith, Victor Ayala

  • 1Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|August 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

A DNA prime followed by protein boost vaccination strategy using vaccinia virus (VACV) orthologs shows promise for developing safer smallpox and monkeypox vaccines. This approach elicited protective immune responses, significantly reducing disease severity in macaques.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • The live vaccinia virus (VACV) vaccine, Dryvax, protects against smallpox and monkeypox but is not suitable for immunocompromised individuals.
  • Antibodies (Abs) against VACV are crucial for protection, suggesting a subunit protein-based vaccine could be a safer alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a DNA prime and protein boost vaccination strategy using monkeypox orthologs of VACV L1R, A27L, A33R, and B5R proteins.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of this novel vaccine approach in rhesus macaques.

Main Methods:

  • Rhesus macaques were immunized via intradermal and intramuscular routes with plasmid DNA encoding four key VACV proteins, alone or combined with recombinant proteins.
  • Animals were subsequently challenged with monkeypox virus to assess vaccine efficacy.

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  • Humoral and cellular immune responses, including antibody titers and T-helper cell responses, were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • DNA-only vaccination failed to induce protective immunity, leading to severe disease and death in macaques.
    • Protein vaccination alone resulted in moderate to severe disease but survival.
    • DNA prime and protein boost immunization led to mild disease with rapid resolution and induced protective immune responses.

    Conclusions:

    • A DNA prime/protein boost vaccination strategy is effective in inducing protective immunity against monkeypox.
    • This approach elicits Th responses and binding Abs that correlate with reduced lesion severity.
    • Identifying conserved B cell epitopes may lead to simpler, safer, and more effective orthopoxvirus vaccines.