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Updated: Aug 6, 2026
In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem
Published on: June 9, 2017
Presence of PACAP and VIP in embryonic chicken brain
Rita Jozsa1, Tibor Hollosy, Jozsef Nemeth
1Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Szigeti u 12. Hungary. rita.jozsa@aok.pte.hu
Abstract:
The aim of the present article was to investigate the occurrence and temporary changes of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in various brain areas of chicken embryos by means of radioimmunoassay. The highest concentrations of PACAP-38 were measured in the brain stem followed by the hypothalamus, cerebellum, and telencephalon. PACAP-38 levels were significantly higher than those of VIP in all examined brain areas. The levels of both PACAP-38 and VIP showed a tendency to decrease until hatching during embryonic development of the chicken.
