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Laughter among deaf signers.

Robert R Provine¹, Karen Emmorey

¹Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA. provine@umbc.edu

Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education

|August 8, 2006

Summary

Laughter punctuates American Sign Language (ASL) conversations, similar to spoken language. This study shows laughter primarily occurs during pauses in signing, not simultaneously, indicating complex cognitive processes.

Area of Science:

Linguistics
Psychology
Communication Studies

Background:

Laughter in spoken language typically punctuates speech, occurring during pauses and phrase boundaries.
Vocal tract limitations mean laughter seldom interrupts spoken phrases, suggesting language dominance.
American Sign Language (ASL) users lack the same vocal tract competition, altering laughter's production dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether laughter punctuates or occurs simultaneously with American Sign Language (ASL) signing.
To compare laughter production in ASL users with established patterns in hearing individuals' speech.
To explore the cognitive and social factors influencing laughter during signed conversations.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 11 signed conversations involving 2-5 participants each.

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Inclusion of conversations with at least one instance of audible, vocal laughter.

Observation and quantification of laughter's occurrence relative to signed utterances (simultaneous vs. during pauses/boundaries).

Main Results:

Laughter occurred 2.7 times more frequently during pauses and phrase boundaries than simultaneously with signing.
This pattern mirrors laughter's placement in spoken language, suggesting non-vocal channel competition.
Social dynamics showed similarities: signers laughed more than their audience, and females laughed more than males.

Conclusions:

Laughter production in ASL involves higher-order cognitive or linguistic processes, not just motor control.
The findings support a universal function of laughter in conversation, transcending modality (spoken vs. signed).
Social factors like speaker/audience roles and gender influence laughter frequency in both signed and spoken interactions.