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Related Experiment Videos

Protein evolution is faster outside the cell.

Karin Julenius1, Anders Gorm Pedersen

  • 1Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. karinjul@sbc.su.se

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|August 8, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Protein evolution rates vary by location. Extracellular proteins evolve faster than intracellular ones, a difference largely independent of expression levels or protein interactions. This finding holds true across species, including yeast.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Protein evolution rates vary significantly across species.
  • Previous studies suggested correlations between evolution rate and factors like expression levels, protein dispensability, and protein interactions, but results were conflicting.
  • Highly and broadly expressed proteins are known to evolve at a lower rate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of subcellular location on mammalian protein evolution rates.
  • To determine if subcellular location's effect on evolution rate is independent of other factors like expression levels and protein interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mammalian protein/gene evolution rates based on their known subcellular locations.
  • Statistical correlation analysis between evolution rates and factors including expression levels, expression broadness (percentage of tissues expressed), and number of protein interaction partners.

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  • Comparison of findings using a yeast dataset.

    • Main Results:

    • Extracellular proteins exhibit significantly faster evolution rates compared to intracellular proteins.
    • Weak but significant correlations were found between evolution rates and expression levels, expression broadness, and protein interaction partners.
    • The difference in evolution rates between extracellular and intracellular proteins was largely independent of expression levels, expression broadness, and protein interaction numbers.
    • This difference was not attributable to an overrepresentation of immunological or disulfide bridge-containing proteins in the extracellular group.
    • Similar differences in evolution rates between extracellular and intracellular proteins were observed in yeast, also independent of expression levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Subcellular location is a major determinant of mammalian protein evolution rate, exerting a greater influence than expression levels, expression broadness, or protein interaction networks.
    • The faster evolution of extracellular proteins is a robust phenomenon, independent of common confounding factors.