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Mesodermal anatomies in cnidarian polyps and medusae.

Katja Seipel1, Volker Schmid

  • 1Institute of Zoology, University of Basel, Biocenter/Pharmacenter, Basel, Switzerland.

The International Journal of Developmental Biology
|August 8, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Cnidarians may possess a mesoderm, challenging their diploblast classification. This suggests a shared triploblast ancestor (Urtriploblast) with bilaterians, with hydrozoan polyps exhibiting derived morphology.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Zoology

Background:

  • Previous studies identified hydromedusan structures as mesodermal derivatives, leading to a hypothesis disputing cnidarian diploblasty.
  • The apparent diploblasty in cnidarians and striated muscle formation in Medusozoa lacking the entocodon nodule require further explanation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review histological and experimental evidence for mesodermal differentiation in cnidarians.
  • To investigate the evolutionary origins of mesoderm in cnidarians and its relation to bilaterians.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of histological data.
  • Analysis of experimental evidence on cnidarian development.

Main Results:

  • Anthozoan and scyphozoan polyps exhibit mesodermal elements like amoeboid cells and muscles originating from ectoblastemal cells.
  • These elements are embedded in the mesoglea, supporting the mesodermate hypothesis.
  • Hydrozoan polyps show differences, suggesting derived morphology.

Conclusions:

  • Cnidarians and bilaterians likely share a common triploblast ancestor (Urtriploblast).
  • The diploblasty observed in hydrozoan polyps may be a derived trait due to heterochronic modulation of gastrulation.

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