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Related Experiment Videos

The phenotypic variance within plastic traits under migration-mutation-selection balance.

Xu-Sheng Zhang1

  • 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom. xu-sheng.zhang@ed.ac.uk

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|August 9, 2006
PubMed
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Phenotypic plasticity is adaptive when environments correlate with optimal traits, maintaining environmental variance (V(E)). Genetic variance (V(G)) is maintained with mutation or limited migration, influenced by mutation and migration rates.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Understanding how environmental heterogeneity influences phenotypic variance is crucial for evolutionary biology.
  • Investigating genetic and environmental variances in plastic traits under selection is key to evolutionary adaptation.
  • Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to adjust their traits in response to environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic variance (V(G)) and environmental variance (V(E)) in a plastic trait under migration-mutation-stabilizing selection.
  • To determine the conditions under which phenotypic plasticity is adaptive and V(E) can be maintained.
  • To analyze the impact of mutation, migration, and environmental variation on V(G) and V(E).

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilizing a linear reaction norm model to approximate genotype-phenotype mapping.
  • Assuming a population with clonal inheritance in a habitat with spatially and temporally varying environmental conditions.
  • Modeling the life cycle as selection-reproduction-mutation-migration.

    • Main Results:

    • Phenotypic plasticity is adaptive when optimal phenotypes correlate with environmental conditions in space and/or time, allowing for the maintenance of V(E).
    • Without mutation and with maximum migration, V(G) is not maintained as the optimal genotype for geometric mean fitness fixes.
    • V(G) is maintained with mutation and/or restricted migration, increasing with mutation rate and decreasing with migration rate; V(E) is largely unaffected.
    • Temporal environmental variation increases V(G), while spatial variation decreases V(G).

    Conclusions:

    • Phenotypic plasticity can be an adaptive strategy in heterogeneous environments, enabling the maintenance of environmental variance.
    • Genetic variance can persist under specific conditions of mutation and migration, highlighting the complex interplay of evolutionary forces.
    • Environmental variation's impact on V(G) depends on whether it is temporal or spatial, suggesting different evolutionary consequences.