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EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
Published on: January 16, 2016
Waterborne outbreaks reported in the United States
Michael F Craun1, Gunther F Craun, Rebecca L Calderon
1Gunther F. Craun & Associates, 101 West Frederick Street, Suite 207, Staunton, VA 24401, USA. craunco@cfw.com
Journal of Water and Health
|August 10, 2006
Summary
Waterborne disease surveillance reveals key pathogens and risks, but undercounts true illness incidence. Increased focus on distribution system contamination is needed to fully assess endemic waterborne risks.
Area of Science:
- Environmental health
- Microbiology
- Public health
Background:
- Waterborne disease outbreaks provide insights into pathogens, water sources, treatment risks, and regulatory effectiveness.
- Reported statistics may not fully represent the true incidence of waterborne illnesses.
Observation:
- Outbreaks linked to surface water systems have declined due to improved regulations and treatment.
- Microbial contamination within water distribution systems is an emerging and significant concern.
Findings:
- Numerous pathogens have been identified, with research focusing on their origins, disinfection resistance, and removal.
- Deficiencies in water systems identified during outbreaks also contribute to endemic illnesses.
Implications:
- Further research is crucial to quantify the impact of distribution system contaminants on endemic risks and undetected outbreaks in the U.S.
- Enhanced understanding of distribution system contamination is vital for comprehensive water safety strategies.
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