Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026
Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
Published on: February 15, 2013
Acceptance of pneumococcal vaccine under standing orders by race and ethnicity
Nicholas A Daniels1, Susan Gouveia, Daniel Null
1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. ndaniels@medicine.ucsf.edu
Purpose:
To assess whether and how pneumococcal vaccine acceptance occurs after nurse recommendation varies by race/ethnicity.
Methods:
We prospectively evaluated nurses' standing orders to assess and vaccinate high-risk patients in a general medicine practice.
Results:
Of 370 adult patients surveyed (60% nonwhite), 78 (21%) declined vaccination following nurse recommendation, and 43 (12%) persisted in declining after physician consultation. Three-hundred-twenty-seven (88%) patients accepted vaccination: 292 (79%) accepted following nurse recommendation and 35 (9%) following physician consultation. African Americans (19%) were significantly more likely to decline compared with whites (8%) and Asians (5%) (P= 0.01). Reasons for refusal included believing vaccination was unnecessary (32%), fearing shots in general (21%), fearing vaccine-induced illness (26%) and wanting more informotion regarding the vaccine (9%).
Conclusion:
Standing orders, physicians' firm recommendations and addressing patients' vaccine-related concerns may reduce racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:51Vaccinations
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
01:30Cancer Vaccines
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
01:30Preventive Healthcare Services
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.