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Related Concept Videos

Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...

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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
10:52

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Published on: August 13, 2016

Molecular mechanism for the cross-nucleation between polymorphs.

Caroline Desgranges1, Jerome Delhommelle

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 South Main Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 10, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Concomitant polymorphism arises from cross-nucleation, where one crystal form grows on another. This selective process occurs between polymorphs with similar free energies, offering new insights into crystallization mechanisms.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Supercooled liquids can crystallize into multiple structural forms (polymorphs).
  • Understanding the mechanisms governing polymorph selection is crucial for controlling material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early stages of crystallization in supercooled Lennard-Jones liquids.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind concomitant polymorphism and cross-nucleation.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular simulations of Lennard-Jones particle systems.
  • Analysis of nucleation and growth processes.

Main Results:

  • Observed the onset of concomitant polymorphism.
  • Demonstrated that cross-nucleation of a metastable polymorph on a stable polymorph drives this phenomenon.
  • Showed that cross-nucleation is selective, occurring only between polymorphs with similar free energies.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-nucleation is a key mechanism for concomitant polymorphism.
  • The free energy difference between polymorphs dictates the selectivity of cross-nucleation.
  • Molecular simulations provide detailed insights into complex crystallization pathways.