Molecular and functional interactions between Escherichia coli nucleoside-diphosphate kinase and the uracil-DNA...

Escherichia coli nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (Ndk) catalyzes nucleoside triphosphate synthesis and maintains intracellular triphosphate pools. Mutants of E. coli lacking Ndk exhibit normal growth rates but show a mutator phenotype that cannot be entirely attributed to the absence of Ndk catalytic activity or to an imbalance in cellular triphosphates. It has been suggested previously that Ndk, similar to its human counterparts, possesses nuclease and DNA repair activities, including the excision of uracil from DNA, an activity normally associated with the Ung and Mug uracil-DNA glycosylases (UDGs) in E. coli. Here we have demonstrated that recombinant Ndk purified from wild-type E. coli contains significant UDG activity that is not intrinsic, but rather, is a consequence of a direct physical and functional interaction between Ung and Ndk, although a residual amount of intrinsic UDG activity exists as well. Co-purification of Ung and Ndk through multicolumn low pressure and nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography suggests that the interaction occurs in a cellular context, as was also suggested by co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous Ung and Ndk from cellular extracts. Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and far Western analyses demonstrate that the interaction also occurs at the level of purified protein, suggesting that it is specific and direct. Moreover, significant augmentation of Ung catalytic activity by Ndk was observed, suggesting that the interaction between the two enzymes is functionally relevant. These findings represent the first example of Ung interacting with another E. coli protein and also lend support to the recently discovered role of nucleoside-diphosphate kinases as regulatory components of multiprotein complexes.