Studies on components of the contact phase system in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer

The authors have studied components of the contact system in plasma obtained from patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Plasma samples from 118 healthy blood donors served as controls. Plasma prekallikrein (PKK) values, evaluated by chromogenic peptide substrate technique, were significantly decreased in patients with cancer compared with healthy blood donors. High molecular weight kininogen (HMwK) and Hageman factor (FXII) values, assayed by immunochemical techniques, were also decreased in the patients with cancer. The changes of contact factors were most pronounced in patients with liver metastasis. The most striking observation in our study, however, was the elevated inhibitor values in patients with cancer. Alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) and C1 inhibitor (C1INH) values, determined both by functional and immunochemical techniques, were markedly increased in patients with cancer. In conclusion, this study shows that patients with intestinal cancer have reduced values of contact factors and markedly elevated inhibitor values which indicate that development of malignant tumors in the gastrointestinal tract is associated with changes in the contact system of plasma.