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Published on: May 13, 2016
Artificial chromosome-based transgenes in the study of genome function
Jason D Heaney1, Sarah K Bronson
1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
Summary
Artificial chromosome transgenes enable large DNA fragment transfer in mice for disease modeling and gene expression studies. This review explores methods to overcome random integration challenges for improved experimental design.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Genomics
- Molecular Biology
- Transgenic Animal Models
Background:
- Large DNA fragments, such as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), and phage artificial chromosomes (PACs), are crucial for various genetic studies in mice.
- Random integration of these large transgenes into the mouse genome often leads to unpredictable outcomes, including genomic alterations and variable gene expression.
- These issues stem from integration site effects and copy number variations, complicating research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the applications of artificial chromosome transgenes in mouse models.
- To discuss the challenges associated with random integration of large transgenes.
- To provide guidance on experimental design for utilizing artificial chromosome transgenes effectively.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on artificial chromosome transgene technology in mice.
- Analysis of methods for targeted integration of large genomic fragments.
- Discussion of applications in disease modeling, gene function analysis, and reporter gene construction.
Main Results:
- Artificial chromosome transgenes facilitate the study of complex genetic traits and diseases in mice.
- Alternative integration strategies are being developed to mitigate issues related to random integration.
- Controlled integration improves the reliability and predictability of transgene expression and function.
Conclusions:
- Artificial chromosome transgenes offer powerful tools for in vivo and ex vivo research in mouse models.
- Addressing random integration challenges is key to maximizing the utility of these transgenes.
- Informed experimental design is essential for successful application of artificial chromosome transgenes.
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