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Activity-based rate-adaptive pacemakers under hyperbaric conditions.

Alexandre Trigano1, Vincent Lafay, Olivier Blandeau

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, 13915 cedex 20, Marseille, France. alexandre.trigano@mail.ap-hm.fr

Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology : an International Journal of Arrhythmias and Pacing
|August 11, 2006
PubMed
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Activity-based pacemakers generally function well underwater, but some devices showed pressure sensitivity. Diving should be limited to 20 meters (65 feet) due to potential pacemaker issues at greater depths.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Hyperbaric medicine
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Sports divers with pacemakers may dive under specific conditions.
  • The performance of activity-sensing pacemakers in hyperbaric environments is not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the function of activity-based pacemakers under hyperbaric conditions.
  • To assess the rate response and potential dysfunction of pacemakers at simulated diving depths.

Main Methods:

  • Pacemakers were tested in a custom-built hyperbaric chamber simulating depths of 30 msw (4 ATA) and 60 msw (7 ATA).
  • Pacemaker function, including pacing rate and sensor response, was monitored via telemetry.
  • Measurements of pacemaker case distortion were also recorded.

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Main Results:

  • Pacemaker baseline rate remained stable in most tests.
  • Transient sensor-driven rate responses occurred, with some pacemakers showing sensitivity to pressure changes.
  • Case distortion was observed in 15 out of 29 tests at 60 msw, but pacing dysfunction was not noted.

Conclusions:

  • Modern accelerometer-based pacemakers demonstrated no significant sensitivity to pressure at depths up to 60 msw.
  • Despite case distortion at 60 msw, pacing function and sensor response remained intact.
  • A recommended depth limit of 20 msw (65 fsw) is advised for diving with pacemakers.