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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Real-World M3-BREATHE: Toward Multimodal Mobile Monitoring of Behaviour, Respiration, and Exposures for Treatment and Health Evaluation
Published on: June 5, 2026
The prevalence of cognitive malingering in persons reporting exposure to occupational and environmental substances
Kevin W Greve1, Kevin J Bianchini, F William Black
1Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans-Lakefront, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA. kgreve@uno.edu
Objective:
Directly estimate the prevalence of cognitive malingering in persons claiming exposure to occupational and environmental substances.
Methods:
Retrospective review of 128 neuropsychological cases with financial incentive. Estimates were based on two methods: (1) clinical identification using the Slick, Sherman and Iverson criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND), and (2) statistical modeling based on patient performance on several individual psychometric indicators of malingering.
Results:
The prevalence based on the clinical method was 40%. The statistically based estimates ranged from 30% to more than 45% depending on model parameters. Different incentive parameters may influence prevalence.
Conclusions:
Cognitive malingering in toxic exposure is common and must be adequately addressed in the clinical neuropsychological assessment of toxic exposure and in research on its neurocognitive effects or findings will likely over-estimate the degree of cognitive impairment and related disability.
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