Meningoencephalitis due to anthrax: CT and MR findings

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Hanefi Yildirim1, Nimet Kabakus, Mustafa Koc

  • 1Department of Radiology, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey. hanefiyildirim@firat.edu.tr

Pediatric Radiology
|August 15, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Anthrax meningitis is rare but serious. This case highlights CT and MR imaging findings of focal intracerebral hemorrhage and leptomeningeal enhancement in a child with cutaneous anthrax.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, primarily affects herbivores but can infect humans through cutaneous, respiratory, or gastrointestinal routes.
  • Anthrax meningitis is an uncommon but severe complication, typically presenting as hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis.

Observation:

  • A 12-year-old boy presented with symptoms suggestive of central nervous system involvement following cutaneous anthrax.
  • Diagnostic imaging, including CT and MRI, was performed to evaluate the neurological complications.

Findings:

  • Imaging revealed focal intracerebral hemorrhage, a significant finding in the context of anthrax infection.
  • Leptomeningeal enhancement was observed, indicating inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering anthrax meningoencephalitis in patients with neurological symptoms and a history of cutaneous anthrax.
  • Radiological findings of intracerebral hemorrhage and leptomeningeal enhancement are crucial for diagnosing this rare but life-threatening condition.
  • Early recognition and appropriate management are vital for improving outcomes in anthrax meningoencephalitis.

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