[Therapy for spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage]

E Sammler1, E Juettler, K Geletneky

  • 1Neurologische Klinik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg. Esther.Sammler@med.uni-heidelberg.de

Der Nervenarzt
|August 15, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a severe stroke type with high mortality. New research and upcoming European guidelines offer improved understanding and treatment options for this critical neurological condition.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Context:

  • Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) constitutes a significant portion of all strokes, carrying a mortality rate exceeding 50%.
  • Key risk factors for ICH include advanced age and hypertension, alongside vascular malformations, coagulation disorders, and anticoagulant/thrombolytic use.
  • Understanding ICH etiology and management is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).
  • To discuss current and emerging treatment strategies for ICH.
  • To highlight upcoming European recommendations for ICH management.

Summary:

  • ICH is a major cause of stroke with high mortality, influenced by factors like age and hypertension.
  • Treatment encompasses conservative and surgical approaches, with novel haemostatic therapies like activated recombinant Factor VII showing promise.
  • The article is based on forthcoming recommendations from the European Stroke Initiative.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of ICH pathophysiology and risk factors.
  • Informs clinical practice regarding conservative, surgical, and pharmacological interventions for ICH.
  • Facilitates the implementation of evidence-based management strategies following new European guidelines.

Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...