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Updated: Aug 6, 2026
An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis
Published on: September 18, 2013
[The influence of the T stage on the risk of metastasis of penis cancer: T1 vs. T2]
C M Naumann1, C van der Horst, B Volkmer
1Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel. c.naumann@urology.uni-kiel.de
Background:
Controversies persist over the therapeutic approach to T1 penile carcinoma, particularly in patients with negative inguinal lymph nodes. Available data on lymph nodes metastases (LNM) in T1 carcinoma are contradictory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metastatic risk of T1 carcinoma and to compare it with that of T2 carcinoma.
Material And Methods:
A total of 37 patients (pts) with T1 or T2 tumors were reviewed. Assessment of the inguinal lymph node condition was based on node dissection in 29 pts and surveillance in eight pts (mean 62 months, range 22-162).
Results:
Grading was classified as good (G1), moderate (G2) and poor (G3) in seven, 26 and four pts, respectively. Tumor stage was T1 in 21 and T2 in 16 pts. LNM were observed in eight of 21 T1 (38%) and six of 16 T2 tumors (38%). No G1 and all G3 tumors developed LNM independently of tumor stage. Ten of the 26 G2 carcinomas (38%) harboured LNM and seven of these pts (70%) had a T1 tumor.
Conclusions:
According to our data, the metastatic potential of T1 penile carcinoma has been underestimated in the recent literature. Tumor grading has a substantially stronger impact on the metastatic risk in T1 and T2 penile carcinoma than tumor stage, indicating a surgical lymph node staging starting at the pT1G2 stage.
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