Centrosome inheritance in the parthenogenetic egg of the collembolan Folsomia candida

Unfertilized eggs commonly lack centrioles, which are usually provided by the male gamete at fertilization, and are unable to assemble functional reproducing centrosomes. However, some insect species lay eggs that develop to adulthood without a contribution from sperm. We report that the oocyte of the parthenogenetic collembolan Folsomia candida is able to self-assemble microtubule-based asters in the absence of pre-existing maternal centrosomes. The asters, which develop near the innermost pole of the meiotic apparatus, interact with the female chromatin to form the first mitotic spindle. The appearance of microtubule-based asters in the cytoplasm of the activated Folsomia oocyte might represent a conserved mechanism for centrosome formation during insect parthenogenesis. We also report that the architecture of the female meiotic apparatus and the structure of the mitotic spindles during the early embryonic divisions are unusual in comparison with that of insects.