Growth of bimolecular films of three-tailed amphiphiles

The three-tailed amphiphile ferric stearate molecule, which forms a bimolecular layer on water surface with molecules in the lower and upper layers in different conformations, has been studied to understand transfer and growth of bimolecular films on the surface of hydrophilic silicon substrates. This bimolecular film forms a two-dimensional lattice on water with a slightly distorted hexagonal lattice where both the in-plane and out-of-plane domain sizes are small. The film also showed larger microscopic rigidity compared to its macroscopic mechanical response. This asymmetric bimolecular layer was found to be preserved when the film is transferred on the substrates at different values of surface pressures ranging from 1 mN/m to near-collapse (55 mN/m). Both the upper and lower layers become denser and interfaces between these layers become sharper with increase in deposition pressure but the growths have different natures. The lower layer of transferred film is dense from 1 mN/m and, except for a steplike increase between 20 and 30 mN/m, changes slowly in density. The density of the upper molecular layer grows continuously with surface pressure.