Behavior of the GABIE, 3M 3500, PerkinElmer Tenax TA, and RADIELLO 145 diffusive samplers exposed over a long time to...

Diffusive sampling is particularly suited to determine time-weighted average volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration in occupational hygiene and environmental air monitoring. The purpose of this study was to measure the sampling rate variation of four different samplers in a special use--the exposure to a low concentration of volatile organic compound (10 to 200 ppb) for a long period (1 to 14 days). PerkinElmer tube-type adsorbent was packed with Tenax TA and RADIELLO cartridge packed with Carbograph 4. Badge-type activated carbon diffusive samplers 3M 3500 and GABIE were exposed to the same controlled atmospheres of benzene as meta-xylene (BTX) during the same exposure times. Performance samplers were observed for variability of uptake rates according to concentration levels, exposure duration, back diffusion, and competition phenomena at the adsorption sites. Particular benzene behavior has been noted for the thermally desorbable tube-type diffusive sampler: the measured sampling rates decrease with time following an exponential profile. With badge-type active charcoal diffusive samplers, the uptake rates were found to be highly stable and unaffected by time exposure. Overall, in the region of a few tens of ppb, for long-time exposure and for the lightest compounds, 3M 3500 and GABIE diffusive samplers seem the most appropriate diffusive sampling technique in terms of performance and facility in use.