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Response time in 14-year-olds with language impairment.

Carol A Miller1, Laurence B Leonard, Robert V Kail

  • 1Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-3100, USA. cam47@psu.edu

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|August 16, 2006
PubMed
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Children with language impairment, including specific language impairment (SLI) and nonspecific language impairment (NLI), consistently show slower response times (RT) across various tasks compared to typically developing peers. This slowing persists from age 9 to 14.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Speech and language pathology

Background:

  • Language impairment affects a significant portion of children.
  • Understanding the cognitive underpinnings of language impairment is crucial for effective intervention.
  • Response time (RT) is a key indicator of processing speed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if children with language impairment exhibit slower response times (RT) at age 14 compared to typically developing peers.
  • To determine if processing speed differences are consistent across motor, nonverbal cognitive, and language tasks.
  • To examine the relationship between early (age 9) and later (age 14) RT performance in children with language impairment.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 14-year-old children with specific language impairment (SLI), nonspecific language impairment (NLI), and typical development (NLD).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants completed linguistic and nonlinguistic speeded tasks at ages 9 and 14.
  • Response times (RT) were analyzed across different task domains.

    • Main Results:

    • Both SLI and NLI groups demonstrated significantly slower RTs than the NLD group across motor, nonverbal cognitive, and language domains.
    • No significant differences in the degree of slowing were observed among the task domains.
    • RT performance at age 9 was moderately correlated with performance at age 14, indicating persistence of processing speed differences.

    Conclusions:

    • Slow response time appears to be a persistent characteristic in a majority of children with language impairment.
    • The precise relationship between processing speed and language abilities warrants further research.
    • These findings highlight the importance of considering processing speed in the assessment and support of children with language difficulties.