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Longitudinal changes in insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin sensitivity, and secretion from birth to age three

Germán Iñiguez1, Ken Ong, Rodrigo Bazaes

  • 1Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 1027 Santiago, Chile.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|August 17, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Insulin resistance in small for gestational age (SGA) infants is linked to higher IGF-I levels by age 3. These levels correlate with weight, BMI, and insulin resistance, suggesting potential IGF-I resistance in SGA infants post-catch-up growth.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Growth and development studies
  • Metabolic health research

Background:

  • Insulin resistance (IR) is observed in small for gestational age (SGA) infants with rapid postnatal weight gain.
  • Infancy height gains correlate with increased insulin secretion.
  • The relationship between IGF-I, growth parameters, and metabolic markers in SGA infants requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential associations of Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) levels with linear growth (length) and weight gain.
  • To examine the relationship between IGF-I levels and both insulin secretion and insulin resistance (IR) in SGA infants.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 50 SGA and 14 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns.
  • Serum IGF-I levels measured at birth, 1 year, and 3 years.
  • Insulin resistance (IR) assessed using homeostasis model assessment and insulin secretion via short intravenous glucose tolerance tests at 1 and 3 years.

Main Results:

  • SGA infants exhibited lower birth IGF-I but higher 3-year IGF-I levels compared to AGA infants.
  • At 1 year, IGF-I in SGA infants correlated with length gain and insulin secretion.
  • By 3 years, IGF-I in SGA infants was positively associated with weight, body mass index (BMI), and IR.

Conclusions:

  • IGF-I levels demonstrated rapid postnatal increase in SGA infants, unlike AGA infants.
  • During the first year, IGF-I related to beta-cell function and linear growth.
  • By 3 years, elevated IGF-I in SGA infants correlated with BMI and IR, suggesting possible relative IGF-I resistance after catch-up growth completion.
Abstract

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