[Antireceptor and antichannel autoantibodies]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Neurology
• Endocrinology

Context:

• Autoantibodies against membrane receptors and ion channels are implicated in various autoimmune diseases.
• Their precise roles in pathogenesis range from clearly defined to uncertain.
• Detection methods vary, with some autoantibodies routinely identified and others requiring specialized laboratories.

Purpose:

• To review autoantibodies targeting membrane receptors and ion channels.
• To discuss target antigens, associated pathologies, pathogenesis, and detection methods.
• To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these autoantibodies.

Summary:

• This review categorizes autoantibodies based on their targets: membrane receptors (enzymatic, G protein-coupled, ion channels, GPI-anchored) and intracellular receptors (estrogen, androgen, lamin, kinesin).
• It examines the link between specific autoantibodies and autoimmune conditions, highlighting their diagnostic utility and role in predicting disease activity.
• The review underscores the importance of these autoantibodies in guiding immunotherapy interventions.

Impact:

• Provides a comprehensive overview of autoantibodies against membrane receptors and ion channels.
• Highlights the diagnostic and prognostic value of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases.
• Supports the rationale for immunotherapy and personalized treatment strategies based on autoantibody profiles.