Evaluating the 'no reflow' phenomenon with myocardial contrast echocardiography

Based on its ability to measure myocardial blood volume and capillary flow, myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) has provided invaluable pathophysiological information regarding the no reflow phenomenon both in humans and in the experimental laboratory. The new area of molecular imaging with MCE allows the identification of molecular events within the microcirculation that have provided further insights into the mechanisms involved in the no-reflow phenomenon. Molecular imaging with MCE has the potential for monitoring molecular events associated with no reflow phenomenon and also to develop strategies to limit the no reflow phenomenon via pharmacological means. This paper will cover these areas briefly.