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Constraints and prospects in the management of pediatric HIV/AIDS

Edamisan O Temiye1, Adebola O Akinsulie, Chinyere V Ezeaka

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine of University of Lagos (CMUL), Nigeria. edatemiye2000@yahoo.co.uk

Journal of the National Medical Association
|August 19, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric HIV/AIDS cases increased in Nigeria, with most infants under 18 months presenting with severe symptoms. High drug costs limited access to antiretroviral therapy, impacting treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mother-to-child transmission is driving the rise in pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria.
  • Limited diagnostic facilities and unaffordable therapies pose significant challenges.
  • The study investigated these factors at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) from 1996 to 2002.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the trends and characteristics of pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases.
  • To assess diagnostic methods, associated illnesses, and treatment outcomes.
  • To evaluate the socioeconomic and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status of parents.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of case records for pediatric HIV/AIDS patients.
  • Data collected included age, sex, diagnosis, comorbidities, treatment, and parental socioeconomic and HIV status.
  • Analysis focused on trends between 1996 and 2002.

Main Results:

  • 124 pediatric HIV/AIDS cases were identified, with 56.5% under 18 months and 89.5% showing multiple clinical features.
  • Diagnosis relied on clinical criteria, with limited use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or CD4+ counts.
  • Tuberculosis was the most common co-infection (25.8%), and only 20.2% received antiretroviral drugs; mothers were more frequently HIV-positive than fathers.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric HIV/AIDS is increasing at LUTH, with higher maternal HIV infection rates.
  • Prohibitive drug costs severely restricted access to essential antiretroviral therapy.
  • High rates of discharge against medical advice and follow-up default were observed.
Abstract

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