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Septic arthritis in children.

A L Akinyoola1, P O Obiajunwa, L M Oginni

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. aakinyoola@yahoo.co.uk

West African Journal of Medicine
|August 22, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Septic arthritis in Nigerian children often results in severe joint damage and complications. Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause, and treatment outcomes are frequently poor, leading to long-term disability.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Septic arthritis is a significant osteoarticular infection in pediatric populations.
  • Limited data exists on its presentation and outcomes in the Nigerian context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiologic factors, clinical presentation patterns, and sequelae of septic arthritis in Nigerian children.
  • To improve understanding and management of pediatric septic arthritis in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical, radiographic, and laboratory records.
  • Study included 93 pediatric patients over a 14-year period.
  • Data collected from Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Nigeria.

Main Results:

  • The hip was the most frequently affected joint (48.4%), with the shoulder most common in infants (36%).
  • Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen (50%), even in sickle cell disease patients.
  • Poor treatment outcomes were observed, with only 37.7% achieving complete resolution, and significant joint destruction, limb length discrepancy, and ankylosis occurred.

Conclusions:

  • Septic arthritis in Nigerian children is associated with significant morbidity and poor treatment outcomes.
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a primary causative agent, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
  • Delayed diagnosis and treatment contribute to severe joint sequelae, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and management.

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