Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

A potential outcomes approach to developmental toxicity analyses.

Michael R Elliott1, Marshall M Joffe, Zhen Chen

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. mrelliot@umich.edu

Biometrics
|August 22, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Estimating toxin effects on fetal development is challenging due to litter size confounding. This study uses a novel potential outcomes framework to disentangle dose effects from survival-dependent factors in animal models.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacy of high-frequency low-dose rituximab and acalabrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

HemaSphere·2026
Same author

Joint modeling of multiple longitudinal biomarkers and survival outcomes via threshold regression: variability as a predictor.

Biometrics·2026
Same author

IL1β/IL1R1/IRAK4 Drives Inflammatory Ovarian Cancer Seeding at the inflamed sites and Is Reversed by an IRAK4 inhibitor UR241-2.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Complement-mediated ADCP as a distinct and finite cytotoxic mechanism of monoclonal antibodies.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

The Impact of Layering Tobacco 21 Laws and Smoke-Free Laws on U.S. Adolescent Smoking Behaviors.

American journal of preventive medicine·2026
Same author

Navigating late-life parental care transitions: implications for adult children's psychosocial well-being.

The Gerontologist·2026

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Estimating toxin effects on fetal development in animal models is complicated by the interplay between litter size and developmental outcomes.
  • Comparing surviving pups across different toxin doses can underestimate effects due to healthier pups surviving lower doses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address confounding factors in estimating developmental toxicity in animal models.
  • To disentangle the direct effects of toxin dose from the influence of litter size and pup survival.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a potential outcomes framework to define the effect of toxin dose.
  • Introduced principal strata based on pup survival status across dose levels.
  • Developed a novel approach allowing outcomes to depend on the principal stratum of other subjects within a cluster.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework allows for a more accurate estimation of toxin effects on fetal development.
  • Successfully disentangled the direct dose effect from confounding variables like litter size and survival.
  • The methodology accounts for complex dependencies within clustered data.

Conclusions:

  • The novel potential outcomes framework provides a robust method for assessing developmental toxicity in the presence of confounding factors.
  • This approach enhances the reliability of toxicological studies in animal models.
  • Future research can apply this framework to various toxicological and epidemiological studies.