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Differential aging of the brain: patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers.

Naftali Raz1, Karen M Rodrigue

  • 1Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, 87 East Ferry St., 226 Knapp Building, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. nraz@wayne.edu

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|August 22, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Understanding brain aging requires examining structural and metabolic changes. This review explores how brain structure, function, and lifestyle factors influence cognitive aging and successful aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Successful aging relies on understanding cognitive and behavioral changes throughout adulthood.
  • The brain's structure and function are central to age-related behavioral shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-related changes in brain structure and their link to cognitive function.
  • To explore factors influencing brain aging and potential underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of postmortem and noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.
  • Analysis of volumetry, diffusion-tensor imaging, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).
  • Examination of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for metabolic markers of aging.

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Main Results:

  • Age-related structural brain changes are documented across various imaging modalities.
  • Links between brain aging patterns and cognitive decline/stability are discussed.
  • Factors like hypertension and fitness can modulate brain aging.

Conclusions:

  • Brain structure, metabolic changes, and lifestyle interact to shape cognitive aging.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for deciphering successful aging.
  • Further research into mechanisms like demyelination and neurotransmitter systems is warranted.