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Related Experiment Videos

Parameters for direct cortical electrical stimulation in the human: histopathologic confirmation.

B Gordon1, R P Lesser, N E Rance

  • 1Epilepsy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
|May 11, 1990
PubMed
Summary

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Electrical cortical stimulation in humans, using specific parameters, did not cause light microscopic damage in epilepsy patients. This suggests current human testing protocols are safe for short-term use.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Histology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Estimating safe electrical cortical stimulation parameters in humans is challenging due to limitations in animal experimental data.
  • Subdural electrical stimulation is used in epilepsy surgery for localization and mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To histologically evaluate the safety of direct subdural electrical stimulation parameters used in human patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomies.
  • To compare histological findings with established animal study thresholds for stimulation-induced damage.

Main Methods:

  • Examined light microscopic histology of 11 subdural electrode sites from 3 patients after anterior temporal lobectomy.
  • Stimulation used 3.175 mm electrodes, 0.3 ms pulses, 50 Hz, alternating polarity, 12.5-15.0 mA for 2-5 sec durations.

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  • Analyzed hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and cresyl violet stained tissues.

    • Main Results:

    • No light microscopic histological abnormalities were found at stimulation sites compared to other brain regions.
    • Maximum charge per phase (4.0-4.4 microC) and charge density (52-57 microC/cm²/pulse) were within safe limits.
    • Histology showed no damage despite charge densities exceeding thresholds from chronic animal studies.

    Conclusions:

    • Brief, intermittent electrical cortical stimulation in humans at tested parameters does not cause observable structural damage at the light microscopic level.
    • Current human stimulation testing protocols appear safe for short-term application, even at charge densities higher than those causing damage in chronic animal models.