Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2026
03:40
Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
Published on: December 20, 2024
Topical glucocorticosteroids in rhinitis: clinical aspects
Niels Mygind1, Morgan Andersson
1Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. niels.mygind@dadlnet.dk
Acta Oto-Laryngologica
|August 23, 2006
Summary
Nasal glucocorticosteroids are a significant advancement in rhinitis treatment, offering effective symptom relief for allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps. These topical steroids demonstrate minimal side effects, establishing them as a preferred first-line therapy.
Area of Science:
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Allergology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Nasal glucocorticosteroids represent a major therapeutic advance in rhinitis management.
- The nasal mucosa's accessibility facilitates research into glucocorticosteroid mechanisms.
- Despite extensive use, the precise mechanisms underlying their clinical efficacy remain incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the efficacy and safety of intranasal glucocorticosteroids.
- To delineate the conditions responsive to topical glucocorticosteroids based on inflammatory cell profiles.
Main Methods:
- Review of 30 years of clinical experience and controlled studies.
- Analysis of treatment effectiveness in relation to inflammatory cell types (eosinophils vs. neutrophils).
Main Results:
- Topical glucocorticosteroids are highly effective for eosinophil-driven inflammation (allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis).
- They are less effective in neutrophil-driven inflammation (common cold, infectious rhinosinusitis).
- Extensive data show high efficacy with few benign side effects.
Conclusions:
- Intranasal glucocorticosteroids are a safe and effective first-line treatment.
- Recommended for allergic rhinitis, non-allergic non-infectious rhinitis, and nasal polyps.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
01:21Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
01:16Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview
Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
01:17Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview
Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
01:22Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...