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Related Concept Videos

Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Conservation of Protein Domains02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...

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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
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Conserved distances between vertebrate highly conserved elements.

Hong Sun1, Geir Skogerbø, Runsheng Chen

  • 1Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.

Human Molecular Genetics
|August 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conserved distances between highly conserved elements (HCEs) in vertebrate genomes are significant, suggesting distance plays a role in gene regulation or chromatin structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Highly conserved sequence elements (>95% conservation) between human and vertebrate genomes are often linked to cis-regulatory functions.
  • Previous studies focused on the high sequence conservation of these elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural relationships, specifically the distances, between highly conserved elements (HCEs) in mammalian genomes.
  • To determine if these distances are conserved across different vertebrate species.
  • To explore the implications of conserved distances for genome function.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics analysis of mammalian genomes.
  • Statistical analysis of distances between HCEs.
  • Comparison of HCE distance conservation with distances between protein-coding genes and exons.
  • Cross-species comparisons including bird and fish genomes.

Main Results:

  • Distances between consecutive HCEs are significantly more conserved than distances between orthologous protein-coding genes or exons.
  • Regions of conserved HCE distance can be extensive (up to 20 Mb), potentially covering a large portion of the genome.
  • Conserved distances were observed across mammalian, bird, and fish genomes, indicating evolutionary significance.
  • These conserved regions often overlap known HCE clusters but are considerably larger.

Conclusions:

  • The significant conservation of distances between HCEs suggests that genomic architecture and spatial organization are crucial for biological function.
  • This conservation may indicate the presence of essential, less-conserved elements between HCEs or highlight the importance of distance in transcriptional regulation and chromatin modeling.
  • The findings challenge a sole focus on sequence conservation and emphasize the role of structural genomic features.