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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analysis of ¹⁸FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Exposure to open tuberculosis on a neonatal unit.

David Isaacs¹, Cheryl A Jones, Dianne Dalton

¹Clinical Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia. davidi@chw.edu.au

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health

|August 24, 2006

Summary

Untreated pulmonary tuberculosis in a mother on the neonatal unit led to TB screening and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for exposed mothers and infants. This intervention successfully prevented tuberculosis infection in infants.

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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

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Published on: September 5, 2017

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) care
Infectious disease transmission
Public health interventions

Background:

Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are vulnerable settings for infectious disease transmission.
Untreated pulmonary tuberculosis poses a significant risk to vulnerable neonates and their mothers.
Effective screening and prophylactic strategies are crucial in preventing vertical and horizontal TB transmission in healthcare settings.

Observation:

An index case of untreated open pulmonary tuberculosis was identified in a mother with a neonate in the NICU.
Tuberculin skin testing and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis were offered to mothers and infants based on exposure levels.
Close contacts included mothers sharing a room and those with infants on the NICU.

Findings:

One of three mothers in close proximity converted to tuberculin and received isoniazid.
Two of twenty mothers with infants in the NICU also converted and received prophylaxis.
Thirteen exposed infants received isoniazid chemoprophylaxis, with no subsequent tuberculin conversions observed.
Two infants were empirically treated for tuberculosis.

Implications:

Targeted tuberculin skin testing and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis are effective in preventing tuberculosis transmission in the NICU setting.
Proactive screening and treatment of exposed individuals are vital for safeguarding infant health in NICUs.
This approach minimizes the risk of neonatal tuberculosis and associated complications.