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Trace element determination by combining solid-phase microextraction hyphenated to elemental and molecular detection

Sergi Díez1, Josep M Bayona

  • 1Environmental Chemistry Department, IIQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. sdsqam@cid.csic.es

Journal of Chromatographic Science
|August 24, 2006
PubMed
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This review covers analytical methods using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for determining toxic metals like lead and mercury in various samples. It highlights derivatization techniques and optimization strategies for sensitive elemental analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a versatile technique for sample preparation and analyte extraction.
  • Determining toxic metals in environmental and biological samples is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review analytical procedures based on SPME for the determination of tin, mercury, arsenic, antimony, chromium, selenium, and lead.
  • To evaluate sample pretreatment, derivatization, and extraction parameters for improved sensitivity and accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature from 1994 to present focusing on SPME applications for metal determination.
  • Evaluation of sample pretreatment (leaching), derivatization (alkylation, hydridization), and SPME parameters (sampling, coating, desorption).

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  • Assessment of gas chromatography (GC) detection systems and method validation using reference materials.

    • Main Results:

    • SPME combined with GC offers sensitive determination of various metals in diverse matrices.
    • Derivatization is essential for non-volatile organometallic species, while volatile compounds can be directly extracted.
    • Optimization of SPME variables and detection systems enhances analytical performance.

    Conclusions:

    • SPME is a powerful tool for speciation analysis of metals, with potential for automation.
    • Further developments in SPME automation and speciation analysis are anticipated.