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Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Characterization of Cell Membrane Extensions and Studying Their Roles in Cancer Cell Adhesion Dynamics
Published on: March 26, 2018
Prostate cancer progression into androgen independency is associated with alterations in cell adhesion and invasivity
Karin Jennbacken1, Heléne Gustavsson, Karin Welén
1Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
Background:
Mortality in prostate cancer is primarily due to failure to cure hormone refractory patients with metastatic disease. The present study focused on elucidating alterations in invasive properties, which are connected with progression into androgen independency.
Methods:
Ability to grow without anchor, migration, cell adhesion properties and expression of invasive factors were investigated in LNCaP and its androgen-independent subline LNCaP-19. Also, invasive capacity into blood vessels was examined in subcutaneous tumors.
Results:
Transition into an androgen-independent state was associated with ability to grow without anchor, increased migration, and alterations in cell adhesion properties. The tumor suppressor E-cadherin was downregulated and the proinvasive factors N-cadherin, MMP-9, and membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP were upregulated in LNCaP-19. In addition, LNCaP-19 displayed a markedly increased invasivity into blood vessels.
Conclusions:
The results show that LNCaP-19 mimics hormone refractory prostate cancer and therefore is an excellent tool for studies on androgen-independent cancer and invasion. This study shows that transition into an androgen-independent state correlates with several proinvasive alterations.
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