A mitochondrial targeted fusion peptide exhibits remarkable cytotoxicity

A potent cytotoxic peptide (r7-kla) was synthesized by incorporating a mitochondrial membrane disrupting peptide, kla (klaklakklaklak), with a cell-penetrating domain, r7 (rrrrrrr). The IC(50) of r7-kla (3.54 +/- 0.11 micromol/L) was more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of kla. r7-kla induced cell death in both in vitro and in vivo environments, and showed rapid kinetics. Within minutes, the morphologic changes in cells and mitochondrial leakage were apparent by microscopy and was consistent with rapid apoptosis. Our results suggested that r7-kla is an apoptosis inducer and can be potentially used as an antitumor agent, especially when combined with the appropriate systemic delivery systems.