Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

397
DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
397
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

1.8K
IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
1.8K
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

429
DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
429
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

400
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
400
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

1.3K
Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
1.3K
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

691
Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for...
691

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Liver-Directed Therapies Can Be More Than "Local Tumor Control".

Cardiovascular and interventional radiology·2026
Same author

4D CT angiography and computational biomechanics dataset for structural integrity assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Data in brief·2026
Same author

Single-nucleus profiling reveals hepatocyte identity and immune features associated with corticosteroid response in severe alcohol-related hepatitis.

Journal of hepatology·2026
Same author

Early Experience With the Twin Branch in the Endovascular Treatment of Complex Aortic Aneurysms: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists·2026
Same author

Delayed Retrograde Reperfusion of the Aneurysmal Sac after Open Repair of an Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treated with Catheter-Directed Embolization.

Vascular specialist international·2026
Same author

Safety, Efficacy, and Intermediate‑Term Outcomes of CT‑Guided Cryoablation of T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Single‑Center Study.

Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
05:26

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound

Published on: January 7, 2019

6.2K

Upper-extremity venography: CO2 versus iodinated contrast material.

Sam Heye1, Geert Maleux, Guy J Marchal

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. sam.heye@uz.kuleuven.ac.be

Radiology
|August 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Carbon dioxide (CO2) venography accurately assesses upper-limb and central veins for hemodialysis access, showing high sensitivity and specificity. This CO2 imaging is a reliable alternative to conventional venography for pre-fistula evaluation.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

13.8K
A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
10:26

A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Published on: June 2, 2015

18.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
05:26

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound

Published on: January 7, 2019

6.2K
Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

13.8K
A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
10:26

A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Published on: June 2, 2015

18.0K

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Imaging
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Preoperative evaluation of upper-limb and central veins is crucial for successful hemodialysis access creation.
  • Conventional venography using iodinated contrast material is the standard but carries risks.
  • Alternative imaging modalities are needed to assess vein patency and stenosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of carbon dioxide (CO2) venography.
  • To compare CO2 venography with conventional venography for preoperative assessment of veins.
  • To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CO2 venography for hemodialysis access planning.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-two patients underwent both CO2 and conventional venography.
  • Two independent observers assessed vein opacification and stenosis.
  • Interobserver agreement was calculated using Cohen kappa coefficient; sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined.

Main Results:

  • CO2 venography demonstrated good global interobserver agreement (kappa=0.90).
  • Conventional venography also showed good interobserver agreement (kappa=0.96).
  • CO2 venography achieved 97% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 95% accuracy in evaluating vein segments.

Conclusions:

  • CO2 venography is a highly sensitive (97%) and specific (85%) tool for assessing upper-limb and central vein patency and stenosis.
  • It serves as a reliable alternative to conventional venography for pre-hemodialysis access evaluation.
  • The findings support the use of CO2 venography in preoperative vascular planning.