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Updated: Jul 20, 2026

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Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy
Published on: July 19, 2024
NORMA: a tool for flexible fitting of high-resolution protein structures into low-resolution
Karsten Suhre1, Jorge Navaza, Yves Henri Sanejouand
1Genomics and Structural Information Laboratory, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, UPR 2589 CNRS, Marseille, France. karsten.suhre@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr
Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography
|August 25, 2006
Summary
This study introduces NORMA, a free software suite for modeling protein structure changes using electron microscopy data. It simplifies fitting atomic models into low-resolution maps for easier interpretation.
Area of Science:
- Structural biology
- Biophysics
- Computational biology
Background:
- Interpreting low-resolution electron density maps from electron microscopy is challenging.
- Fitting high-resolution protein structures into these maps requires specialized tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a freely available software suite, NORMA, for flexible fitting of atomic models into low-resolution electron density maps.
- To enable users to model large conformational changes in protein structures.
Main Methods:
- The NORMA software suite facilitates the modeling of conformational changes.
- It constrains the fitting process using low-resolution electron density data.
- The approach is suitable for integrating atomic-scale X-ray structural models with electron microscopy data.
Main Results:
- The software allows for the modeling of significant conformational alterations in protein structures.
- It successfully integrates high-resolution structural models with low-resolution experimental data.
- NORMA is designed for ease of use, minimizing technical difficulties for users.
Conclusions:
- NORMA provides a valuable, accessible tool for researchers interpreting electron microscopy data.
- The software simplifies the process of flexible fitting, advancing structural biology research.
- Freely available software and reference cases enhance usability and adoption.

