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Updated: Jun 25, 2026
Automated Midline Shift and Intracranial Pressure Estimation based on Brain CT Images
Published on: April 13, 2013
Contrast-driven approach to intracranial segmentation using a combination of T2- and T1-weighted 3D MRI data sets
Gunther Helms1, Kai Kallenberg, Peter Dechent
1MR-Forschung, Bereich Humanmedizin, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. ghelms@gwdg.de
Purpose:
To develop a strategy for structural brain imaging when using FSL software for segmentation and subsequent volumetry.
Materials And Methods:
Three-dimensional (3D) structural MRI of 1-mm isotropic resolution was performed on a 3-Tesla clinical imaging system. Prescribed signal evolution of a multiple spin-echo (SE) sequence with variable refocusing flip angle for T2 weighting, and a modified driven equilibrium Fourier transform (MDEFT) sequence were used for T1 weighting. Postprocessing included rigid-body coregistration, brain extraction, and segmentation using the tools of the FSL 3.2 software package.
Results:
T2 weighting provided reliable delineation of the subarachnoidal space, while T1 weighting provided better segmentation of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). The combination of T1-weighted (T1-w) and T2-w data allowed the identification of a T2-hypointense class of "nonbrain" (NB) representing larger vessels and structures of connective tissue, as well as partial volume of bone and air-filled cavities.
Conclusion:
Brain extraction on T2-w data and subsequent segmentation of the combined T1- and T2-w intensity distribution into four classes are recommended.
