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Grape seed extract prevents gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of mice
Ibrahim M El-Ashmawy1, Abeer F El-Nahas, Osama M Salama
1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Abstract:
The protection conferred by grape seed extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and bone marrow chromosomal aberrations have been evaluated in adult Swiss albino mice. The activity of reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH peroxidase), the levels of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidneys homogenates, serum urea and creatinine were measured, and in addition the changes in kidney histology and bone marrow chromosomes were investigated. Gentamicin (80 mg/kg b.wt. intraperitoneally for 2 weeks) induced kidney damage as indicated from a pronounced changes in kidney histology, a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine and MDA content in the kidney homogenate. While the activity of the antioxidant enzyme GSH peroxidase and the level of GSH were significantly decreased. Gentamicin induced genotoxicity indicated by increased the number of aberrant cells and different types of structural chromosomal aberrations (fragment, deletion and ring chromosome) and showed no effect on mitotic activity of the cell. Pretreatment with grape seed extract (7 days) and simultaneously (14 days) with gentamicin significantly protected the kidney tissue by ameliorating its antioxidant activity. Moreover, grape seed extract significantly protected bone marrow chromosomes from gentamicin induced genotoxicity by reducing the total number of aberrant cells, and different types of structural chromosomal aberrations. It could be concluded that grape seed extract acts as a potent antioxidant prevented kidney damage and genotoxicity of bone marrow cells.
Insights
Grape seed extract protects against gentamicin-induced kidney damage and bone marrow genotoxicity. This potent antioxidant reduces oxidative stress markers and chromosomal aberrations, safeguarding cellular integrity.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
- Natural Products
Background:
- Gentamicin is an antibiotic known to cause nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity.
- Oxidative stress and chromosomal aberrations are key indicators of gentamicin's adverse effects.
- Grape seed extract (GSE) is recognized for its antioxidant properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the protective effects of grape seed extract against gentamicin-induced kidney damage.
- To assess GSE's ability to prevent bone marrow chromosomal aberrations caused by gentamicin.
- To investigate the underlying mechanisms, including antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation.
Main Methods:
- Adult Swiss albino mice were administered gentamicin and/or grape seed extract.
- Kidney function was assessed via serum urea, creatinine, histology, and biochemical markers (GSH peroxidase, GSH, MDA).
- Bone marrow chromosomes were analyzed for aberrations and mitotic activity.
Main Results:
- Gentamicin induced significant kidney damage, elevated serum urea/creatinine, increased lipid peroxidation (MDA), and decreased antioxidant enzymes (GSH peroxidase, GSH).
- Gentamicin exposure led to a significant increase in bone marrow chromosomal aberrations.
- Grape seed extract pretreatment significantly ameliorated kidney damage and reduced gentamicin-induced genotoxicity and chromosomal aberrations.
Conclusions:
- Grape seed extract exhibits potent antioxidant activity, effectively protecting against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
- Grape seed extract significantly mitigates gentamicin-induced genotoxicity in bone marrow cells.
- GSE is a promising natural agent for preventing drug-induced cellular damage.
