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Bone remodelling algorithms incorporating both strain and microdamage stimuli.

Laoise M McNamara1, Patrick J Prendergast

  • 1Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Parsons Building, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Journal of Biomechanics
|August 26, 2006
PubMed
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Bone remodelling is regulated by both mechanical strain and microdamage. A new model suggests prioritizing damage removal when it exceeds a critical level for plausible bone multicellular unit (BMU) predictions.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Cellular Biology
  • Bone Physiology

Background:

  • Current bone remodelling theories focus on mechanical strain or microdamage as cellular stimuli.
  • Experimental data suggest both strain and microdamage influence bone cell regulation.
  • A unified mechano-regulatory system integrating both stimuli is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that bone remodelling is regulated by signals from both mechanical strain and microdamage.
  • To develop and evaluate computational models of bone mechano-regulation.
  • To identify the most plausible regulatory mechanism for bone multicellular unit (BMU) behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Four mechano-regulation algorithms were developed: strain-based, damage-based, combined strain/damage, and adaptive damage-priority.

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  • Algorithms were implemented using bone lining cell (surface) and osteocyte cell (internal) sensors.
  • Models were applied to predict BMU remodelling on bone trabecula surfaces.

    • Main Results:

    • A regulatory system prioritizing microdamage removal above a critical threshold provided the most plausible BMU remodelling predictions.
    • Strain and damage stimuli alone or combined without adaptive prioritization yielded less plausible outcomes.
    • The proposed model suggests damage interferes with osteocyte signaling or induces apoptosis, triggering remodelling.

    Conclusions:

    • Bone remodelling appears to be regulated by a system responding to both strain and microdamage.
    • Prioritizing microdamage removal when damage is critical is essential for accurate BMU prediction.
    • This adaptive mechanism may involve osteocyte mechanosensing and damage-induced cell death pathways.