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Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
Published on: June 21, 2018
Sequence, haplotype, and association analysis of ADRbeta2 in a multiethnic asthma case-control study
Gregory A Hawkins1, Kelan Tantisira, Deborah A Meyers
1Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
Rationale:
The comprehensive evaluation of gene variation, haplotype structure, and linkage disequilibrium is important in understanding the function of beta2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRbeta2) on disease susceptibility, pulmonary function, and therapeutic responses in different ethnic groups with asthma.
Objectives:
To identify ADRbeta2 polymorphisms and haplotype structure in white and African American subjects and to test for genotype and haplotype association with asthma phenotypes.
Methods:
A 5.3-kb region of ADRbeta2 was resequenced in 669 individuals from 429 whites and 240 African Americans. A total of 12 polymorphisms, representing an optimal haplotype tagging set, were genotyped in whites (338 patients and 326 control subjects) and African Americans (222 patients and 299 control subjects).
Results:
A total of 49 polymorphisms were identified, 21 of which are novel; 31 polymorphisms (frequency > 0.03) were used to identify 24 haplotypes (frequency > 0.01) and assess linkage disequilibrium. Association with ratio (FEV1/FVC)2 for single-nucleotide polymorphism +79 (p < 0.05) was observed in African Americans. Significant haplotype association for (FEV1/FVC)2 was also observed in African Americans.
Conclusions:
There are additional genetic variants besides +46 (Gly16Arg) that are important in determining asthma phenotypes. These data suggest that the length of a poly-C repeat (+1269) in the 3' untranslated region of ADRbeta2 may influence lung function, and may be important in delineating variation in beta-agonist responses, especially in African Americans.
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