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Long-term follow-up of patients with idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia
Jianping Huang1, David Coman, Steven J McTaggart
1Queensland Child and Adolescent Renal Service, Royal Children's Hospital and Mater Children's Hospitals, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Insights
Idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia (IIH) often resolves by age three, but kidney complications like nephrocalcinosis and persistent hypercalciuria are common. Ongoing monitoring is crucial for children with this rare condition.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Endocrinology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia (IIH) is a rare, poorly understood condition causing high calcium levels in infants.
- Limited data exists on the long-term outcomes and natural history of IIH.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the presentation, treatment, and long-term follow-up of children diagnosed with IIH.
- To better understand the prognosis and potential long-term complications of IIH.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective case series analysis of 11 children with IIH treated at a single institution since 1993.
- Review of clinical data, biochemical parameters, and imaging findings during follow-up.
Main Results:
- Hypercalcaemia resolved in most children by age three.
- Nephrocalcinosis and persistent hypercalciuria were frequent findings.
- Some patients showed increasing urinary calcium excretion even after initial normalization, indicating prolonged biochemical abnormalities.
Conclusions:
- Clinical and biochemical abnormalities in IIH can persist longer than previously recognized.
- Continuous surveillance is recommended for patients with IIH due to potential long-term complications.
Abstract:
Idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia (IIH) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology that presents with hypercalcaemia in a child's first year of life. There is only a limited number of published reports of the natural history of this condition, and the long-term prognosis is largely unknown. The presentation, treatment and long-term follow-up of 11 children with IIH treated at our institution since 1993 are described. Hypercalcaemia resolved in the majority of children by the time they were 3 years of age, but nephrocalcinosis and persistent hypercalciuria were common, and, in some cases, urinary calcium excretion increased after initially becoming normal. This study suggests that clinical and biochemical abnormalities may persist for longer than previously reported and implies the need for ongoing surveillance of patients with IIH.
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